Creative Writting Essay- the Things They Carried

While Rat was telling the story about Mary Anne Bell, what was Mitchell Sanders thinking? Did he believe the story? Was he sceptical? Here is an overview of exactly what he was thinking while listening to Rat’s story, and his opinion concerning certain aspects. As soon as Rat started telling me about that guy Mark Fossie who shipped his girl over to Vietnam to spend time with him, I couldn’t believe it. He says he saw the whole thing, and that he was there when everything happened, but I doubt it; Rat is the type of guy who would lie to get his story more interesting.But anyhow, I agreed for him to tell me the story even though I was very sceptical about the whole thing. It almost seemed like he was fooling me. So I crossed my arms, and let him amuse me with his anecdote. Although Rat’s source was Fossie himself, the story seemed so over the top, Mary Anne arriving as such a sweet girl just out of high school and becoming â€Å"one with the nature† in the end. It is overwhelming how people can change depending on the environment they are put in, I thought. I had to stop Rat once, because he was totally wrecking the tone of the story.He had no consistent sound! He still was able to keep my attention until the end, mostly because I was so anxious to hear what he was going to throw at me as a conclusion knowing his information was thirdhand. I was getting pretty impatient and of course, when Rat came to tell the end of the story, it was not at all what I had expected. Never would I have thought a simple girl could have transformed into a totally different person; one ready for the kill. The story wasn’t moral and there was no point to it. That’s what made it seem so true.

Shouldice Hospital

Question 1. How successful is the Shouldice Hospital? Generate a P&L statement using available information from the case. Treat each of the two operations – hospital and the surgery – separately Compared to other medical institutions that provide a wide array of medical procedures, Shouldice Hospital specializes in one procedure for patients that suffer from abdominal hernias. This specialization allows each doctor at Shouldice Hospital to perform approximately 600 hernia surgeries per year, while doctors at other institutions only perform 25-50 hernia surgeries per year.As a result, the â€Å"Shouldice Method† has been perfected to an unparalleled level for the well-being of the patient. The typical Shouldice patient only experience s 5 days of required recovery time after their surgery, while hernia patients from other institutions typically experience 10 days of recovery time. This expedited recovery time is due to the level of active physical rehabilitation t hat Shouldice Hospital expects from their patients.Walking and socializing with others is expected, and Shouldice Hospital has proven that these actions significantly aid in the healing process due to the improvement of the positive mental attitude of the patient. The specialization in one particular procedure as well as the 4 day recovery time allows Shouldice Hospital to offer their surgical procedure at a lower cost than other institutions. This is because Shouldice Hospital has lower overhead costs associated with labor and has fewer investments in capital expenditures since they do not have the wide array of machinery and equipment that you might see at a typical institution.This savings is passed along to the patient, as Shouldice procedures typically cost $954 ($111 * 4 days + $450 + $60) while other institutions typically charge $2,000 to $4,000 for the same procedure. Additionally, the extremely low turnover rate a Shouldice Hospital demonstrates that this institution is no t only a success for the patient, but also to the hospital staff. This level of devotion among the medical staff benefits both the hospital as well as the patients, since seasoned professionals are retained within the institution.In return for their professional service the hospital provides their employees with a great work/life balance as well as financial rewards in the form of bonuses and profit sharing programs. Lastly, Shouldice Hospital completes hernia surgeries with a lower recurrence rate than traditional hospitals. Due to their specialization in this field of surgery, patients experience complications and require follow-up appointments less than 1% of the time, while traditional hospitals in the United States typically saw around a 10% reoccurrence rate.This is a great example of how Shouldice Hospital is a leader in their field and the 99% success rate is a great indicator of the overall successfulness of the organization. Please see below for the P&L statements for the Hospital and Clinic Operations: Question 2. How do you account for its successful performance? The Shouldice Hospital prides itself in excelling at the hernia with remarkable results in patients, while providing care at a low price, operating at a low costs, and achieving high profits. By analyzing the patients, the staff, and the service delivery system, one could observe the factors to this hospital’s success.First, the hospital adopts a stringent and comprehensive patient screening system that minimizes the risk to the hospital. Questionnaires are sent to potential patients and the hospital uses the responses to determine the risk level associated, thus allowing the hospital to properly anticipate and mitigate foreseen risks or avoid them in general, as in the case of internal hernias or overweight problems, which would be rejected before admittance. Another factor to success lies in the patients themselves. Patients are encouraged to be active, sociable, and self-sufficie nt to a certain extent in order to speed up recovery.This helps in reducing the level of oversight required from the nurses and also improves turnover. Furthermore, the operation method is world-class because it provides a more reinforced muscle wall in the abdomen and also the avoidance of general anesthetic unless absolutely required. This allows the patients to recover sooner and to experience less discomfort or nausea that is often associated with the aftermath of general anesthetic, which thus lets the patients to be active sooner as well; also, the limited use ofgeneral anesthetic reduces the need to staff more anesthetists, who are expensive at a rate of $300/day, and also reduces the cost of operation for the patients. When patients are more self-sufficient in the recovery process, less oversight from the staff is required and the staff is freed up from mundane tasks such as changing sheets or changing bedpans but could focus more time on counseling the patients to help them recover. This also leads to lower cost in laundry, housekeeping, and nursing.When costs are kept low and well maintained, salaries offered to staff are able to be more competitive than comparable jobs in the area. When employees are properly compensated, they could focus on the tasks at hand and not have to worry about financial issues or leaving the hospital to look for higher-paying positions. Furthermore, another factor to the hospital’s success is the doctors they hire. The doctors are highly productive and are able to perform 600 or more operations a year, while a typical surgeon elsewhere averages around 25 to 50 operations.They are also able to share an expensive resource, which is the anesthetist, to help alleviate the cost of operation. Lastly, the doctors experience low turnover, as do the nurses, because they are given opportunities to learn and improve on their skills via training in the Shouldice technique. In addition to the benefit of low turnover, proper trai ning and continuous improvement allows for standardization of the method of operation and minimizes flaws or defects. Lastly, the success of the hospital is attributed to the facility and the culture it fosters.The hospital encourages interaction between staff members and patients. Hospital staff is encouraged to eat together in the dining room and pick up their meals from the kitchen; hospital administrator is trained to be multi-functional and can pitch in to help one and other during peak times. To encourage interaction and activity among the patients, the hospital offers acres of gardens, uses carpeting to avoid the typical smell of disinfectant, modifies the stairways to allow the patients to be able to climb up after operations, and places entertainment in a common room to encourage patients to walk around and socialize.These factors help provide an uplifting, supportive environment that leads to happy staff and healthier patients. Question 3. Prepare a Process Flow Diagram fr om arrival through surgery and determine the capacities at each stage. For this diagram, only indicate major points in the process, e. g. , admitting, examination, operating room, surgeries, etc. Use the actual hours of operation for each step in the process to determine the capacity of each step. What is the bottleneck?Based on the calculations below, the available beds for patients is the current bottleneck for the hernia operation process. This portion of the process would be the bottleneck if only the 89 beds were utilized and also if the 14 hospital beds were also utilized. Question 4. Do a detailed analysis of potential on-site capacity expansion alternatives (on a per week basis). Assume an average of 3. 5 days stay at the hospital for each patient, including surgery, and Sunday Admits. This means that half the patients spend three days while the other half spends four days.Assumption: $450 surgical fee / patient; 20% of patients receive general anesthetics; 3. 5 days avg sta y; 50 work weeks per yr a. Current Situation (103 beds = 89 beds + 14 hostel rooms) Current Theoretical Capacity = 148 patients / week Current Average Throughput = 6,850 opeartions / 50 weeks = 137 patients / week b. Add 45 more beds (no need for using 14 hostel rooms) †¢New Theoretical Capacity= 191 patients / week oThe new addition would increase theoretical capacity by 29% from 148 to 191 patients / week.†¢New Average Throughput = (137 * 191) / 148 = 177 patients / week †¢New throughput – Current throughput = 177 patients / week – 137 patients / week = +40 patients / week †¢# of additional patients per year = 40 patients / week * 50 weeks = 2,000 patients per year †¢Additional revenue per year = 2,000 extra patients * ($450 surgical fees / patient + 20% of patients receiving $75 general anesthetic) = 2000 * (450 + . 2 * 75) = $930,000 Pro: Additional capacity brings return on investment of approximately 46% ($930,000/$2MM investment), i. e. profitable and sound investment.Cons: With the additional capacity, the hospital might need to make scheduling changes, such as maximizing the 5 days/week scheduling w/ each doctor, and the nurses might not be able to spend as much one-on-one time with patients as they had used to, which goes against their track record in developing good interpersonal relationships w/ the patients. Furthermore, they would need to increase general operating expenses to cover increased number of patients, such as more kitchen staff, more housekeeping staff, etc. c. Schedule Saturday Operations (would need to use 14 hostel rooms to accomodate)†¢New Theoretical Capacity= 177 patients / week oThe new addition would increase theoretical capacity by 20% from 148 to 177 patients / week. †¢New Average Throughput = (137 * 177) / 148 = 164 patients / week †¢New throughput – Current throughput = 164 patients / week – 137 patients / week = +27 patients / week †¢# of additional p atients per year = 27 patients / week * 50 weeks = 1,350 patients per year †¢Additional revenue per year = 1,350 extra patients* ($450 surgical fees / patient + 20% of patients receiving $75 general anesthetic) = 1350 * (450 + .2 * 75) = $627,750 Pro: Additional capacity generates $627,750 additional revenue per year with no additional investment. Cons: Either current doctors would need to pick up an extra day on their schedule or the hospital would need to hire additional doctors to cover Saturday operations. While this is profitable and the proceeds could be used as an overtime bonus to attract doctors, this is not in line with their goal to promote an environment with regular hours, allowing doctors time to spend with their families.This is not a guarantee that doctors be enticed enough to adapt to the new schedule either. Conclusion: Based on the analysis above, I believe that the hospital should expand with the $2MM investment to add ~45 more beds. It provides an attractiv e return, and it does not compromise their current values and relationships with the doctors. If they had chosen to schedule Saturday operations, they would risk demoralizing the current workforce or sending the wrong signal that they would compromise the employees’ work-life-balance for more profit.

Giuseppe Verdi

Derek C. Zimmerman The Italian opera was at an ultimate high during the romantic period. Many composers came to life during this period and became some of the most prominent composers of all time. Giuseppe Verdi who was grown up into the opera was about to find out what famous looked like. Over five decades he demonstrated his commitment to drama and composed 28 operas and many were a huge hit. Nabucco(1841) and Rigoletto(1851), a couple of the most famous operas by Verdi, provide details of how the life of Verdi was like which made these operas such a hit. One goal is to be able to prove that Verdi, through the use of his operas, used his life experiences as a story guideline in his operas. The last goal is to provide detail on how sacrifice and atonement of forgiveness were a force in Rigoletto. The purpose of this article is to provide research and background about Giuseppe Verdi and how he was able to provide his knowledge and skill to compose some of the greatest operas known to this day. Verdi played a very big role in the composition of operas, especially throughout the romantic period. Redefining the ways the opera was displayed, Verdi mainly used his vigour and drama intelligence that distinguished his operas from others. However, well ordered Verdi changed the inflexible traditions of bel canto musical drama, which flaunted vocalists to the detriment of emotional esteems. Verdi's virtuoso was to disassemble the framework while as yet giving the vocalists (and their gatherings of people) song and splendor in sufficient measure. The majority of this was in the administration of show, as Verdi constantly focused, and dramatization, as he saw it, rose up out of the association of individuals in striking, generally desperate circumstances.Beginning Years of Giuseppe Verdi Born on October 10, 1813 in Le Roncole, Italy, Giuseppe Verdi began his musical career in the very town that he was born. Verdi was born into the world by Carlo Giuseppe Verdi (1785 – 1867) and Luigia Uttini (1787 -1851). From age four and on, Giuseppe Verdi was given private lessons in Italian and Latin by the schoolmaster in the village, Don Pietro Baistrocchi, who then led Verdi to play the organ at the local church. By having Baistrocchi helping him study, Verdi was able to begin his professional career with music. According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), by the age of nine Verdi was standing in for his teacher (Don Pietro Biastrocchi) as the organist in the village church. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). From 1832 – 1835, Verdi appeared to have adapted much about writing and legislative issues there and in addition antithesis and the components of the opera. Later, this was shown to be true because of the success of the opera Nabucco (1842). According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), â€Å"Nabucco succeeded as sensationally as Un giorno had failed abjectly, and Verdi at age 28 became the new hero of Italian music. The work sped across Italy and the whole world of opera; within a decade it had reached as far as St. Petersburg and Buenos Aires, Argentina. While its musical style is primitive by the composer's later standards, Nabucco's raw energy has kept it alive a century and a half later.† Verdi had taken a break briefly from composing due to tragedies in his life. According to Gregorio (2017), â€Å"his two children, Virginia and Icilio, died in 1838 and 1839, respectively, followed by his wife, Margherita, in 1840.† These tragedies definitely played a big toll on Verdi's life as he dealt with heavy depression. These issues made it very hard for Verdi to compose of operas. After a year of composing nothing, Verdi finally came out of his shell and provided Nabucco to the world in 1842. In Nabucco, Verdi was able to put these tragedies to use and show in the opera how Nabucco was struck by lightning and lost most consciousness and have memory issues. Some had thought that Nabucco was dealing with some sort of delirium. According to Cambioli et al. (2017), â€Å"Furthermore, the representation of Nabucco's mental illness in the opera could also have been influenced by direct experiences of Verdi himself, who seems to have suffered from recurrent depressive episodes in that period, and for the rest of his life.† (Cambioli et al. pg. 180) The Early Mid Years of Giuseppe VerdiThe new extravagance and profundity of Verdi's musico-sensational portrayal in these years, particularly however not only of ladies, may have created out of his association with his new wife Strepponi. She is frequently evoked regarding the thoughtful and brilliant depiction of Violetta in La Traviata (1853). The tunes were superior to anything any he had composed previously, the dramatization more tightly and all the more energizing, and the portrayal through and through unique. Rigoletto makes a critical specialized progress toward a sound introduction of the show in music, particularly in the acclaimed third act; there is less qualification between the recitatives (the parts of the score that convey the plot forward in impersonation of discourse), which incline toward arioso (melodic, verse quality), and the arias, which are dealt with less formally and dovetailed into their environment, once in a while subtly. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). Rigoletto, being one of the most famous operas of Verdi's, communicated much differently than the other operas composed by Verdi. According to Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, â€Å"The epitome of Romantic drama and passion, Verdi's music for Rigoletto communicates each dramatic situation with profound emotion. A play by Victor Hugo, an acknowledged leader of French Romanticism, was Verdi's source of inspiration.† (Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, 2015) Analysis of RigolettoAfter the atmospheric prelude or short melodic prologue to the musical drama (does some other arranger do as such much to set up a passionate domain with so few notes?), we hear party music — dance music that is apparently commonplace and ailing in nuance. It couldn't be more unique in relation to the music of the prelude and is relatively stunning in its specific situation. What's more, it is surely not what a mid-nineteenth century gathering of people part ought to have expected toward the start of a shocking musical drama. Be that as it may, Verdi's expectation is completely clear: he needs us to quickly understand the indecent and licentious nature of the Duke's court with music as crude and foul as the court and its ruler. We come to find out towards the end of the opera that forgiveness becomes a factor due to the crude and foul behavior by the Duke (D'Costa, ; Pecknold, 2013). As opposed to have the vocalists showcase the expected decrepit quality (something that would have been unthinkable in Verdi's day), the author drives the group of onlookers' creative energy into making the fitting climate by making music profoundly suggestive out of an irreverent social affair of blue-blooded gathering goers. Overlaying this sensible gathering music are the principal expressions of the artists, an obscene discussion between the Duke and Borsa, one of his subjects, about the Duke's most recent successes. This sort of discussion would typically have been dealt with (surely by any number of other Italian arrangers of Verdi's opportunity) by more customary recitative. Be that as it may, Verdi love seats the discussion with regards to arrange music went with, under typical conditions, by a little band of instrumentalists in the wings or behind the landscape. Along these lines the writer gives the impression of a genuine gathering going ahead progressively directly in front of us. Verdi's nineteenth century group of onlookers, at that point, turned out to be a piece of the scene and was conveyed substantially nearer to the stage occasions. The change from the dance music to the primary number joined by the pit ensemble happens consistently as the violins enter in jumping octaves toward the beginning of Questa o quella, the tenor's first aria (MetropolitanOpera, 2013). These initial three or four minutes of Rigoletto may not appear to be so unordinary to us now, inclined as we are to hear this well-known music after somewhere in the range of 150 years of colleague with it. Be that as it may, contrast it and a portion of the more radiant minutes from this score (the Rigoletto/Gilda two part harmony from Act II or the renowned Act IV group of four, Bella figlia) and we get the point rather rapidly: this score is a long way from uneven, Verdi is basically throwing his music to perfectly fit the sensational circumstance. How about we go somewhat more distant in attempting to comprehend Verdi's melodic portrayal. Notice that the tenor's performance music is the greater part of a self-assured, glaringly tuneful nature. Questa o quella, Parmi veder le lagrime and La donna à ¨ versatile are for the most part precisely figured to convey the character of the Duke, whom we know to be a shallow, vain man whose primary intrigue isn't such a great amount of included with statecraft as it is in plotting his next loving success. We likewise realize that his Renaissance court is absolutist; he is a tyrant dug in the old monarchical framework whose retainers and subjects are under his total and direct expert. These sorts of political frameworks are, by nature, profoundly preservationist. It ought not shock us that, in spite of the fact that Rigoletto is an extremely test musical show for Verdi, there are more seasoned, more customary operatic structures still present: they are to be found in the music of the Duke, or in music with which he is included. The Duke has, for example, the main twofold aria (Act II's Parmi veder le lagrime being the moderate cavatina, and Possente love the imperative cabaletta) and the main strophic arias (Questa o quella and La donna à ¨ portable) in the whole score. (MetropolitanOpera, 2013).In any case, the genuine test operatically, drastically and musically is to be found in the character of Rigoletto himself. The entertainer at the focal point of Victor Hugo's play Le return on initial capital investment s'amuse was only the confounded, unordinary and abnormal character that Verdi was searching for at the time. With a character delivered from a maturation of doubt, cunning, distrustfulness and fatherly love, Verdi had a creation ready for the new sort of musical drama that he wanted most importantly to make. To the psyche of an average nineteenth century devotee, Rigoletto's first solo expression more likely than not appeared to be exceptionally interesting to be sure, as he would without a doubt have expected right now a twofold aria or even an unadulterated recitative driving us into the two part harmony with his little girl. Rigoletto's character is dealt with comparatively all through the whole work. Subsequently, with every one of his defects, he seems to be a standout amongst the most human characters in all nineteenth century Italian musical drama. Giuseppe Verdi Derek C. Zimmerman The Italian opera was at an ultimate high during the romantic period. Many composers came to life during this period and became some of the most prominent composers of all time. Giuseppe Verdi who was grown up into the opera was about to find out what famous looked like. Over five decades he demonstrated his commitment to drama and composed 28 operas and many were a huge hit. Nabucco(1841) and Rigoletto(1851), a couple of the most famous operas by Verdi, provide details of how the life of Verdi was like which made these operas such a hit. One goal is to be able to prove that Verdi, through the use of his operas, used his life experiences as a story guideline in his operas. The last goal is to provide detail on how sacrifice and atonement of forgiveness were a force in Rigoletto. The purpose of this article is to provide research and background about Giuseppe Verdi and how he was able to provide his knowledge and skill to compose some of the greatest operas known to this day. Verdi played a very big role in the composition of operas, especially throughout the romantic period. Redefining the ways the opera was displayed, Verdi mainly used his vigour and drama intelligence that distinguished his operas from others. However, well ordered Verdi changed the inflexible traditions of bel canto musical drama, which flaunted vocalists to the detriment of emotional esteems. Verdi's virtuoso was to disassemble the framework while as yet giving the vocalists (and their gatherings of people) song and splendor in sufficient measure. The majority of this was in the administration of show, as Verdi constantly focused, and dramatization, as he saw it, rose up out of the association of individuals in striking, generally desperate circumstances.Beginning Years of Giuseppe Verdi Born on October 10, 1813 in Le Roncole, Italy, Giuseppe Verdi began his musical career in the very town that he was born. Verdi was born into the world by Carlo Giuseppe Verdi (1785 – 1867) and Luigia Uttini (1787 -1851). From age four and on, Giuseppe Verdi was given private lessons in Italian and Latin by the schoolmaster in the village, Don Pietro Baistrocchi, who then led Verdi to play the organ at the local church. By having Baistrocchi helping him study, Verdi was able to begin his professional career with music. According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), by the age of nine Verdi was standing in for his teacher (Don Pietro Biastrocchi) as the organist in the village church. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). From 1832 – 1835, Verdi appeared to have adapted much about writing and legislative issues there and in addition antithesis and the components of the opera. Later, this was shown to be true because of the success of the opera Nabucco (1842). According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), â€Å"Nabucco succeeded as sensationally as Un giorno had failed abjectly, and Verdi at age 28 became the new hero of Italian music. The work sped across Italy and the whole world of opera; within a decade it had reached as far as St. Petersburg and Buenos Aires, Argentina. While its musical style is primitive by the composer's later standards, Nabucco's raw energy has kept it alive a century and a half later.† Verdi had taken a break briefly from composing due to tragedies in his life. According to Gregorio (2017), â€Å"his two children, Virginia and Icilio, died in 1838 and 1839, respectively, followed by his wife, Margherita, in 1840.† These tragedies definitely played a big toll on Verdi's life as he dealt with heavy depression. These issues made it very hard for Verdi to compose of operas. After a year of composing nothing, Verdi finally came out of his shell and provided Nabucco to the world in 1842. In Nabucco, Verdi was able to put these tragedies to use and show in the opera how Nabucco was struck by lightning and lost most consciousness and have memory issues. Some had thought that Nabucco was dealing with some sort of delirium. According to Cambioli et al. (2017), â€Å"Furthermore, the representation of Nabucco's mental illness in the opera could also have been influenced by direct experiences of Verdi himself, who seems to have suffered from recurrent depressive episodes in that period, and for the rest of his life.† (Cambioli et al. pg. 180) The Early Mid Years of Giuseppe VerdiThe new extravagance and profundity of Verdi's musico-sensational portrayal in these years, particularly however not only of ladies, may have created out of his association with his new wife Strepponi. She is frequently evoked regarding the thoughtful and brilliant depiction of Violetta in La Traviata (1853). The tunes were superior to anything any he had composed previously, the dramatization more tightly and all the more energizing, and the portrayal through and through unique. Rigoletto makes a critical specialized progress toward a sound introduction of the show in music, particularly in the acclaimed third act; there is less qualification between the recitatives (the parts of the score that convey the plot forward in impersonation of discourse), which incline toward arioso (melodic, verse quality), and the arias, which are dealt with less formally and dovetailed into their environment, once in a while subtly. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). Rigoletto, being one of the most famous operas of Verdi's, communicated much differently than the other operas composed by Verdi. According to Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, â€Å"The epitome of Romantic drama and passion, Verdi's music for Rigoletto communicates each dramatic situation with profound emotion. A play by Victor Hugo, an acknowledged leader of French Romanticism, was Verdi's source of inspiration.† (Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, 2015) Analysis of RigolettoAfter the atmospheric prelude or short melodic prologue to the musical drama (does some other arranger do as such much to set up a passionate domain with so few notes?), we hear party music — dance music that is apparently commonplace and ailing in nuance. It couldn't be more unique in relation to the music of the prelude and is relatively stunning in its specific situation. What's more, it is surely not what a mid-nineteenth century gathering of people part ought to have expected toward the start of a shocking musical drama. Be that as it may, Verdi's expectation is completely clear: he needs us to quickly understand the indecent and licentious nature of the Duke's court with music as crude and foul as the court and its ruler. We come to find out towards the end of the opera that forgiveness becomes a factor due to the crude and foul behavior by the Duke (D'Costa, ; Pecknold, 2013). As opposed to have the vocalists showcase the expected decrepit quality (something that would have been unthinkable in Verdi's day), the author drives the group of onlookers' creative energy into making the fitting climate by making music profoundly suggestive out of an irreverent social affair of blue-blooded gathering goers. Overlaying this sensible gathering music are the principal expressions of the artists, an obscene discussion between the Duke and Borsa, one of his subjects, about the Duke's most recent successes. This sort of discussion would typically have been dealt with (surely by any number of other Italian arrangers of Verdi's opportunity) by more customary recitative. Be that as it may, Verdi love seats the discussion with regards to arrange music went with, under typical conditions, by a little band of instrumentalists in the wings or behind the landscape. Along these lines the writer gives the impression of a genuine gathering going ahead progressively directly in front of us. Verdi's nineteenth century group of onlookers, at that point, turned out to be a piece of the scene and was conveyed substantially nearer to the stage occasions. The change from the dance music to the primary number joined by the pit ensemble happens consistently as the violins enter in jumping octaves toward the beginning of Questa o quella, the tenor's first aria (MetropolitanOpera, 2013). These initial three or four minutes of Rigoletto may not appear to be so unordinary to us now, inclined as we are to hear this well-known music after somewhere in the range of 150 years of colleague with it. Be that as it may, contrast it and a portion of the more radiant minutes from this score (the Rigoletto/Gilda two part harmony from Act II or the renowned Act IV group of four, Bella figlia) and we get the point rather rapidly: this score is a long way from uneven, Verdi is basically throwing his music to perfectly fit the sensational circumstance. How about we go somewhat more distant in attempting to comprehend Verdi's melodic portrayal. Notice that the tenor's performance music is the greater part of a self-assured, glaringly tuneful nature. Questa o quella, Parmi veder le lagrime and La donna à ¨ versatile are for the most part precisely figured to convey the character of the Duke, whom we know to be a shallow, vain man whose primary intrigue isn't such a great amount of included with statecraft as it is in plotting his next loving success. We likewise realize that his Renaissance court is absolutist; he is a tyrant dug in the old monarchical framework whose retainers and subjects are under his total and direct expert. These sorts of political frameworks are, by nature, profoundly preservationist. It ought not shock us that, in spite of the fact that Rigoletto is an extremely test musical show for Verdi, there are more seasoned, more customary operatic structures still present: they are to be found in the music of the Duke, or in music with which he is included. The Duke has, for example, the main twofold aria (Act II's Parmi veder le lagrime being the moderate cavatina, and Possente love the imperative cabaletta) and the main strophic arias (Questa o quella and La donna à ¨ portable) in the whole score. (MetropolitanOpera, 2013).In any case, the genuine test operatically, drastically and musically is to be found in the character of Rigoletto himself. The entertainer at the focal point of Victor Hugo's play Le return on initial capital investment s'amuse was only the confounded, unordinary and abnormal character that Verdi was searching for at the time. With a character delivered from a maturation of doubt, cunning, distrustfulness and fatherly love, Verdi had a creation ready for the new sort of musical drama that he wanted most importantly to make. To the psyche of an average nineteenth century devotee, Rigoletto's first solo expression more likely than not appeared to be exceptionally interesting to be sure, as he would without a doubt have expected right now a twofold aria or even an unadulterated recitative driving us into the two part harmony with his little girl. Rigoletto's character is dealt with comparatively all through the whole work. Subsequently, with every one of his defects, he seems to be a standout amongst the most human characters in all nineteenth century Italian musical drama.

Whren vs. United States. June 10, 1993 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Whren vs. United States. June 10, 1993 - Essay Example As the police officers in an unmarked car made their first pass, they noticed that the Whren and Brown were in a dark colored Pathfinder truck with temporary license plates, and the driver, Brown kept looked downward to the lap of Whren in the passenger seat. The police officers then made a U-turn towards the Pathfinder, when all of a sudden the Pathfinder suddenly turned right without signaling, and sped off at what the officers describe an "unreasonable speed." Thus the police officers continued pursuit, and in a short while caught up with Whren and Brown at a stop light. The officers identified themselves and as the approached the driver side window, saw that the Whren had in his hands two large plastic bags of crack cocaine. They were subsequently arrested and charged with federal drug charges. At the pretrial suppression hearing, Whren and Brown filed a motion to suppress the evidence on the ground of an illegal search and seizure surrounding the circumstances of the case. They alleged that the police officers used the traffic violation as a pretext for stopping the truck due to the lack of any reasonable suspicion or probable cause to stop them on suspicion of drug dealing. Court Decisions: The District Trial Court denied the motion and conducted trial, resulting in the conviction of Whren and Brown. On appeal to the Court of Appeals their conviction was affirmed. Thus, Whren and Brown brought this case to the Supreme Court on certiorari. Issue: Whether or not the police officers conducted an unlawful search and seizure in this case. Whether or not the police officers violated the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution proscribing unlawful searches and seizures. Ruling: No on both issues. In a unanimous decision the Supreme Court held that as long as police officers have reasonable cause to believe that there had occurred a traffic violation, they may stop any vehicle. In the case at bar, the police officers had reasonable cause to stop Whren and Brown on the basis of a traffic violation because they had made a turn without signaling and sped away from a stop sign at an unreasonable speed. Hence, an actual traffic violation was committed by Whren and Brown, and the resulting search and seizure of the Pathfinder was reasonable, regardless of what other personal motivations the officers might have had for stopping the vehicle. Also, the Supreme Court discarded the allegations of Whren and Brown that they had suffered from anxiety, confusion, and haste which they experienced from the stop and search procedure outweighed the government's interest in traffic safety. Indeed, while the Fourth Amendment requires a balancing test between the benefits derived from a search-and-seizure and the harm it may cause to the person, this test only applies to unusually harmful searches and seizures. In the case at bar there was nothing unusually harmful about this traffic stop. Personal Opinion: With reference to the case at bar, I am in total concurrence with the manner in which the legal and procedural issues were resolved by the Supreme Court. The Constitutional right against unreasonable searches and seizures embodied in the Fourth Amendment has to be taken in accordance with the underlying circumstances in the case. The evil sought to be prohibited is that of abuse on the part of the arresting officer, in making any search or seizure of a individual's person, house, papers and effects. Indeed, a number of Constitutional doctrines have already held that the applicable case law. Delaware vs. Prouse, United States vs. Martinez Fuerte and United States vs. Brignoni Ponce were all mentioned

Social Media - Difference between traditional measures of success Assignment

Social Media - Difference between traditional measures of success - Assignment Example Social media measures allow businesses to know how viral a product is within a given market. A tool that Zappos could use to measure social media success is NPS (Net Promoter Scores). NPS notes how probable users are to suggest a product to peers and family members. With NPS, Zappos can catch both the customer service element of social and potential for making their services and products go viral (Gibs, 2015). Currently, Zappos has a very high NPS because of its popular customer service. The exceptionality of NPS and the capacity to access it from numerous consolidated research works makes it a strong alternative for social media labeling analytics. Zappos can also use ABM (Agent-Based Modelling) since it has already established excellent customer service (Gibs, 2015). Customer service always requires internet connectivity between Zappos and its customers. However, with ABM, Zappos can monitor and measure their customers’ behavior while offline. Monitoring marketing and branding includes questioning a business’ ability to keep on developing and innovating. For example, monitoring oversees an enterprise’s ability to introduce new commodities in the market, increase product value for customers, and better operating competences (Gibs, 2015). On the other hand, measuring includes determining brand favorability and devotion by customers instead of net sales evaluated through appraisals. For instance, controlled experimentation determines contributions of social media to customer relationship and loyalty, which enables the brand to identify efficiencies and correct errors more

Who is responsible for the Great Depression Essay

Who is responsible for the Great Depression - Essay Example (Heinrichs, 2012) Whether this was unprecedented or not, it is undeniable that great depression affected the world. It never practiced discretion; it affected both individual and companies. This paper holds that there are a number of factors that were responsible for the recession that affected the globe. This paper refutes the notion that has been put by other economists that President Hebert Hoover was responsible for the economic recession and its impacts. The economic crisis of 1930 is attributed to a myriad of intertwined complex factors. One of the common factors that is that there was over speculation in the stock market that was not regulated by the responsible authorities. The American stock market fell in 1929 and is often regarded as one of the great reasons of depression. The crash was preceded with period when the people of America discovered the stock market. The crash resulted into a serious loss of the individual and companies investments. Investors were left shaken given that the stock market brought a lot of excitement that drove most people to put their money into the economy. People were completed shattered when the banks erased the savings by the people including those who had not injected in the stock market. Despite the fact that recession was unavoidable, better policies and regulations could have been applied to avoid the failure by the banks. (Canterbery, 2011) The fed in 1929 took what economists regard as unprecedented move by cutting the supply of money by almost a third. The reaction literally chokes off any possibility of recovery. A myriad of banks in the country therefore suffered the problem of liquidity. The reaction of failing to bail out banks was regarded as harsh and did not help in addressing recession in the country. The similar effect was faced by the market in 1907 when the panic of selling sent the

Alfuttaim motors Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Alfuttaim motors Toyota - Essay Example This has made it to enhance the robust development of the automotive industry of the UAE as well as contributing to its significant growth widely. Alfuttaim motors have the greatest number of its vehicles on the road as compared to other automobile manufacturers in the world. Its vehicle brands target both the middle-class economy as well as the first-economy economy (Nayak & Josh, 2012). Its vehicle brand, the Lexus, targets the first-class economy. This is because it is quite expensive and it can only be afforded by people who consider themselves as falling under the category of first-class. The sales of this Lexus brand are however minimized by the stiff competition from the German machines like the Mercedes Benz and the BMW. The majority of the sales of the Alfuttaim motors are the Toyota. This is because these types of vehicles are affordable to the middle-class in the economy. It is also notable that the middle-class makes up the largest percentage of the people in the world. It is also the biggest sale as it is accompanied by a wide variety of material handling equipment from the same manufacturer which is equally affordable to the middle-class. This has made Alfuttaim motors to be a significant exporter of cars in the developing nations as that is where most of the middle-class people reside. The target market of the Alfuttaim Motors is spread throughout the world. This is mainly due to its ability to cater for the vehicle needs of all the people whether they are low income earners or the high income earners. Its ability to offer a wide variety of motor vehicles also places it at a better position to capture a wide market base in the world. It is acknowledged that the Alfuttaim motors makes affordable vehicle brands for the low income earners so as to provide them with a rudimentary means of transport (Nayak & Josh, 2012). It also makes luxurious cars, for example the Lexus,

Week 14L discussion board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 14L discussion board - Essay Example For instance, the bureaucratic structure makes it difficult to get things done fast and efficiently. More often than not, information processing stops at some structural levels until clearance is given. Such deficiencies occur due to inefficiencies in some of the information processing levels. For instance, an absentee manager would cap all the information passing through their desk until they are available. All organizations depending on information processing systems to provide services to people are our competitors. However, there has been a remarkable change in information processing system in our company for the last several years. Most notable, many operations have shifted from technical dependency to software dependency systems. For instance, customer assistance systems use software technology answering machines as opposed to the customer service representative mode of operation. Considering most of the technological changes come with laying-down of some employees as they are replaced with efficient systems, fear would be the most form resistance from employees. They would resist the change in fear of losing their jobs. This can be dealt with by proper communication and affirmation that no jobs will be lost. Actually, the changes can come with a small pay increase as an assurance. Organizational culture is manageable to the extent in which all the stakeholders are willing to cooperate. If changes are done rapidly and inefficiently, more resistance is expected. However, with the right approach, organizational culture is

Current Job Problem in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Current Job Problem in US - Essay Example Revenue in the middle earnings range for most Americans citizen has declined for more than 20 years. Manufacturing employments are moving offshore.   Internationally, the set of supplies and services that is tradable is increasing, but the United States and other developed countries are not contending productively for an enough share of the tradable field. Some 5.9 million US employees have been out of employment for over twenty seven weeks or more. Economists approximate that one million people lost all federal joblessness advantages last year after being incapable to find employment for 99 weeks. Almost two million citizens total are amongst this group of 99ers. The portion of employment age people who are in employment is 57.6 %, the lowest level ever since 1983. This denotes that the transformative result of women inflowing in the manual labor force over the previous three decades has been completely offset by the overwhelming increase in joblessness. The job population fractio n for men is at its lowest level. In another era, such circumstances would have been treated as a national shame, and the political organization would have felt some compulsion to take administration action. On January 11, 1944, as the United States of America was packaging up the war in Europe, Franklin D. Roosevelt (2010) gave a lecture to parliament, in which he announced that the political rights assured in the American Constitution had showed insufficient, needing a financial bill of rights. Roosevelt’s (2010) suggestion was dead on arrival. American free enterprise proved incompetent of eliminating poverty and joblessness, even in rumble years of the postwar era. For decades after that, American leaders and politicians gave lip service to the perception of full employment as a basic objective of domestic strategy. Joblessness insurance was brought in some states in 1932 and extended all through the country in the 1930s, in response to the Great Depression. These efforts were part of a common program of social improvement determined in no small part by fear in the ruling group of social turmoil and revolt. Roosevelt himself was talking only a few years after the Russian revolt. The American policy is directed towards eliminating the remains of the postwar era reforms, as well as joblessness advantages. The political organization has deserted even the vaguest suggestion that people have the right to a job. The actual problem in the United States right now is employment: not just obstinately high joblessness, but a bigger crisis described recently in a considerate article by Andy Grove, the longtime C.E.O. of Intel. He argued that manufacturing is fading in the United States, a tendency that must be upturned (Andy 56). There is little uncertainty that America’s societal contract is beginning to break. It had on one side an open, supple economy, and on the other the guarantee of jobs and rising earnings for the aggravated and hard-working. It i s the second fraction that is disentanglement. The unemployment consequences of these tendencies over the past fifteen years have been followed by surplus consumption and the overdevelopment of fields such as economics and property, health care and administration. These sectors are now set to shrivel, as international companies develop where they have access to high development up-and-coming marketplaces in Asia and Latin America. Such businesses will relocate their

BUSINESS LAW(All contractual terms are either categorised as Essay

BUSINESS LAW(All contractual terms are either categorised as conditions or warranties. How true is this statement Discuss, with reference to case law. ) - Essay Example There ought to be a consideration that will pass hands once the promises of the contract have been fulfilled. Finally, the agreement should be not violate the laws of the land. For example, it would be illegal to enter into an agreement of drug trafficking. Once these conditions have been fulfilled, the agreement becomes a contract that can be enforced by the court of law.2 As such, all contractual terms are either categorized as conditions or warranties Terms of contracts are promises or statements made by one person to another in order to encourage him to enter into a contract.3They comprise of duties and responsibilities of the parties to a contract. The terms may be express or implied. The parties themselves put down express terms, either in writing or verbally. In a written contract, any statement is an explicit term of the contract. An example is in Duffy & Ors v. Newcastle United Football Co. Ltd. (2000). The law from the actions or intentions of the parties infers implied terms of a contract. Shirlaw v Southern Foundries [1939] is a good example of a situation where terms of the contract were implied. In the case, the claimant was hired as a managing director for a term of ten years. Later the defendant altered the articles of association giving the company the power to remove directors. The firm fired the claimant before the end of his ten years contract. The court held that when signing the employment contract there was an assumption that the company would not remove the managing director from his position during the term of the contract. Another assumption was that the enterprise would not alter the articles of association to give it the right to fire the managing director. A condition is a term of a contract that goes to the root of the contract. Failure to honour a conditional term renders an agreement very different from the original one. Hence, conditions are the essential terms of a contract.4 Due to their

HRM - Summary post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HRM - Summary post - Essay Example The L&D strategies need to be clear and must mention the learning outcomes whilst promoting the self-esteem of employees. Currently, my focus organization has an effective L&D strategy. Within their budget they have created opportunities of learning via classroom sessions, seminars and various job rotations so an employee fully understands and learns different aspects of his job and his role within the organization. As effective as it is, the mundane routine often leads the employees to be strayed. The continuous office routine incorporated with lengthy seminar and classroom session sometimes seem meaningless to the employees. Job rotations too are difficult to manage and incorporate. On the other hand learning from everyday activities or incidental learning must be incorporated in the strategy for a better training. Make the training fun so the employees wish to learn and excel. Providing incentives at the end of training session would optimize the employee’s performance. The employees must be sent on field for some practical knowledge and must be trained to implement these details when they return to the

Human factors in technology Essay Example for Free

Human factors in technology Essay Man is the only being who has utilized technology, to the point that it also caused technology to change rapidly through time. Technology has been one of the most influential concepts in the lives of every human being throughout history. It was so influential that it had become one of the major deciding factors in the direction of history. Technological innovations had evolved from the simple to the very complex. From the simple stone cutting tools that prehistoric man had, to the contemporary blades that virtually do not need any resharpening at all. There had also been evolution from the very crude computing technique such as the finger counting, to the very complex supercomputers. In terms of transportation, from the very simple mode of walking and running, man had innovated transportation technology by inventing and innovating cars, planes, ships, etc. Technology had not only affected transportation and computing, but also the social and psychological scene as well. Companies whose general trade is information and technology are the ones whose organizational structure is very much affected by the technological changes. Most of the companies are either computer manufacturers or technological research companies. Apple Inc. , formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. is an American-based multinational corporation which has its focus on technical manufacturing and designing of electronics and software programs for variations of consumers all around the world. It headquarters can be found in Cupertino, California (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). This company basically focuses on the development and support of several electronic gadgets for the market. This same company currently has its eyes focused on the innovation of already existing technologies, as well as the formation of a new breed of technology for the market. Some of its world-famous creations are the iPod, iPhone and the AppleTV. Aside from these electronic equipment and gadgets, the Apple, Inc. is also into the creation of new and better software programs. In the past, it had focused on creating and developing operating systems (OS), and specific application programs. Today, Apple, Inc. is now setting the path before it releases its newest operating system, the Mac OS X â€Å"Leopard†. Apple is very much into expanding its frontiers by exploring new ways of marketing and product presentation (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). It is now into the trend of having an online store where its products, whether hardware or software, can be bought by just a click of the mouse. The company is well-known for their very user-friendly hardware as well as software. Their iPod series, as well as their iPhone, Macintosh series of personal computers and peripherals, iLife software suite, and the Mac OS are just some of their best-known software and hardware products. Also, the company is a major supplier of prosumer software products for specialized purposes such as the audio and film industry (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). The mentioned things about Apple, Inc. , set up a background for the contemporary company. Technology has an implicit message, and that is to put everything into a very objective perspective, where everything could and should not be subject to an individual’s / group’s personal judgments or beliefs. By virtue of technology, man was able to do things such as measurement and judgment without having biases. With the use of technology, organizations can track their development without having doubts if the people who assessed them were biased about the evaluation process. But this strength is also its weak point. Being very objective would mean that the assessment would be very strict, and it would be guided by certain sets of quantified measurements such as numbers and / or a set of quantified codes. These standards for judgment and assessment can be used to evaluate employees’ activities, company sales and company economic standing. Having these strict standards would mean an easier, more efficient and more economic way of assessing the company. With these, companies such as the Apple could rely on machines about their company’s survival. Machines, which are products of modern technology, could be programmed to assess particular aspects of the company and suggest possible options about how to make the company even more productive. This may sound farfetched, but it could be a good way of looking at the possibility of how machines could help organizations in optimizing their parts. Business oriented companies such as the Apple is currently facing the possibilities of having less human members, and more help from the technology they are developing. These companies, with the help of modern technology, could be able to assess their employees using certain standards that can be input to a computer for further assessment. This way, there would be less processing time, less need for human HRD team members, less specialists in the field of assessing people, more possible members for the pool of computer and technology specialists (which could also mean more capital would be invested on the specialty of the company), and less expenses on the part of the company. Looking at the advantages posed by this method, it would be good to conclude that this could boost company income, thus uplift the lives of its employees in an economic and political sense. On the other hand, this method could also pose a very detrimental effect to the company as a whole, both in the macro and micro perspectives. One disadvantage of this method would be that without the subjective judgments of humans on human resources, it would be possible to miss important and potentially able applicants. Also, it would be possible that the programmed machines would not be able to look the implicit factors such as family background and the personality types of the applicants. Another is the fact that hardcore statistics, which programmed machines use, does not claim that the results are products of the interplay of all possible factors, instead it can only present results with the extraneous factors (which may possibly matter) omitted. References: Apple. com (2007).Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://www. asia. apple. com/. Apple, Inc. (2007). Wikipedia: The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apple_Computer. History of Apple (2007). ). Wikipedia: The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.. Mesa, A. (2007). Apple History Timeline. The Apple Museum. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://applemuseum. bott. org/sections/history. html.

The Services Offered By Barclays Internet Banking Information Technology Essay

The Services Offered By Barclays Internet Banking Information Technology Essay In this report I seek to look at one of the big worldwide financial provider called Barclays and concentrate very much on its internet banking. Barclays has got 300 years of experience in banking (baclays.com 2010). Barclays bank offers internet banking and serves a large number of customers in the world. The report will also give an outline of the services offered by Barclays internet banking and a deep explanation will be given on how this internet banking is beneficial to the society. There are several services offered by Barclays internet banking. The internet banking services offered by Barclays are not different from the services offered by other banks which are involved in internet banking. Some of the transactions which can be done through internet banking are as follows (lawyerment.com); Furthermore, Barclays online banking allows the user to open his bank account, do savings and investments, pay loans and mortgages, pay insurance as well as to contact international banking. Barclays internet banking also allows students to have their students account, approve their loans, share trading and many more services. Extend to which internet banking is beneficial to society In order to give a judgment on the extent to which internet banking is beneficial to society, two things are to be considered. These are advantages and disadvantages of internet banking to society. The services offered by Barclay internet banking are advantageous to society and detrimental in another way. So in order for me to give a judgment on the extent to which this internet banking is beneficial to society , I will also use the advantages of internet banking as given at (Barclays.co.uk) as well as the general advantages and disadvantages of internet banking. ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET BANKING Convenient and easy Barclays bank provides free online banking and the services are given any time needed. With internet banking, the users can pay their bills, transfer their money, and check their balances while they are home. Whenever something urgent arises for example in paying the bills, users will not need to go to the bank but they can do their transactions right from their homes whenever they have access to internet. For some other people who go to work away from their bank branches, it becomes easy for them to access their accounts everywhere they are. It is also possible to use your mobile phone to access your bank information. Time efficient When opening an account, a lot of time is taken in doing the paper work. But using internet banking, the necessary procedures are clearly provided for users. In the case of Barclays, the necessary information for users is provided on the necessary websites. This makes it easy for business people because they dont waste most of their time standing on queue or finding where the bank is. Barclays provide information on how to get an online account. Safety Barclays provides safety for users of its internet banking services though many ways. These include making their regular checkup of their systems to make sure there are no problems, provision of security measures like automatic logoff, systems which can sense and protect the account from attack by internet hackers. The bank maximizes its risk management to make sure that every protective measure is done to ensure safety of the accounts. Furthermore enough information is given to people regarding how they should keep their login information- for example they should not send their login information to some people via some unnecessary and unprotected mails. Barclays takes its full responsibility in protecting the privacy of the users information. These include some warnings if the user does use the service unnecessarily. International banking With the globalization that is taking place in a fast growing world like this, people need everything to be fast. People now are contacting their business beyond their borders without any limitation. Internet banking allows users to access their banks accounts and do whatever transactions they want even though they are outside the country where their banks are. It is now easy to contact business from outside your country. In general, not all business has their braches all over the world but with internet banking it becomes possible to do everything from wherever you are. Accessibility With the fast growing world and technology, internet has become accessible to large parts of the world. Internet services are offered 24 hours every day in many parts of the world. Provided the availability of internet access, all users can log into their respective accounts. Value Internet banking is beneficial to people in the sense that the running costs are less. When using other banking ways, will need to pay a certain amount of money to go to a bank to transfer money, or to go where there is an Automated Machine to make a transfer. But using online banking all these can be performed while lying on your bed. DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET BANKING Forgery Many cases are reported about the forgery that takes place in online banking. With the advancing technology many people have devised some websites they can use to access other peoples user names and passwords. As a result if the banks do not have strong safety measures against this many people would lose their money as a result of hackers. However as I said reputable banks like Barclays have also devised safety measures against hackers. These include automatic log off, sites which detect hackers, protection of users privacy, teaching users how to protect their computers from hackers and so on. Less trust People in general do not put much trust in machine than they put on people. So the reason why there are only few people doing online banking, its because less trust is given to the way these machines operate. So many people will not want to take risks by doing online banking. CONCLUSION I have used Barclay bank as one of the major financial provider using internet banking. With the information that I obtained from the Barclays websites as well as other reputable websites in an effort to find out to what extend internet banking is beneficial to society. I have included several services offered by internet banking which included paying of bills, making of transfers and so on. Then in answering to what extend online banking is beneficial, I searched the advantages and disadvantages as shown above, some advantages included how easy it is to do all your transactions anytime , anywhere as covered in convenience . For disadvantages I also included the risk of forgery that can be done by other people to obtain other peoples login details and use them to steal their money. However after weighing the advantages and disadvantages I discovered that there are more benefits than disadvantages of internet banking to society. In conclusion, internet banking is beneficial to the society to a greater extend.

Examination Of Muted Group Theory Sociology Essay

Examination Of Muted Group Theory Sociology Essay Imagine for a moment that you find yourself in an exotic and far off land. You have been forced to live in a foreign country that speaks a completely different language than yours. You struggle day after day not just to articulate yourself in this strange, foreign tongue, but to simply be heard and have your opinions appreciated by your new peers. Instead you find your new neighbors disregard every word you say and write you off as inarticulate or just plain dumb; or even worse they ignore your unique existence and experiences altogether. This is exactly the sort of phenomenon that Muted Group Theory details and why it is so incredibly fascinating. This literature review will define exactly Muted Group Theory and its basic tenets are, delve into the theorys origins, and provide a few examples of its further use before moving on to several research studies illustrating the theory in practical, scientific application. The Muted Group Theory of Communication seeks to explain and rationalize the faults inherent in language and the ways in which it fails many of its users. While most individuals would simply dismiss language merely as a tool of communication to be molded in order to fit their specific needs; in actuality, language acts as a dominant and controlling factor in establishing and shaping its users. Muted Group Theory asserts that because language was developed primarily by the dominant group of society; specifically white males of greater income and socio-economic status, that minority cultures and non-dominant groups such as women, individuals of lower economic means, and non-whites are thus muted by their own lack of influence on the formation of their language (Wood, 2008, as cited in Turner West, 2009). Because non-dominant groups have had little to no contribution towards the creation of their language they are poorly served by it. Muted Group Theory emphases a minority groups inabi lity to fully and properly articulate themselves or designate their unique experiences due to the necessity of translating their individual views and opinions into what is essentially a foreign language (Wood, 2008, as cited in Turner West, 2009). The language of a particular group does not consistently support or function for all of its members with any sense of equality due to the disparity in their involvement in their languages development (Kramarae, 1981 as cited in Orbe, 1998). Muted Group Theory posits that language acts as a representation of a societys overall ideologies. The dominant sector of a group conceptualizes a means of communication which not only maintains, but perpetuates their specified worldview and establishes it as the correct and proper language for all of said groups remaining members (S. Ardener, 1975, as cited in Orbe, 1998). As it is defined as a critical theory, the Muted Group Theory of Communication is both valuable and worth exploring because it str ives to reexamine the established status quo of a society or culture, it highlights the imbalances and unfairness within said society for its possibly unsuspecting inhabitants, and lastly; and most importantly, it proposes potential solutions to these problems plaguing said culture (Turner West, 2009). Muted Group Theory interestingly illuminates individuals to the unconscious methods through which a language and its creators dictate and manipulate interpersonal behaviors and relations as well as concepts of ones own self-identity. Muted Group Theory finds its origins within the research of social anthropologists Edwin and Shirley Ardener and their work on social hierarchy and structure. Muted Group Theory developed following the Ardeners examination of the, at the time, male dominated fields of ethnography and social anthropology (Turner West, 2009). Individuals and groups which inhabit the highest tiers of a social hierarchy define the specific communication system within a culture and the non-dominant groups are thus relegated to working within the confines of whatever communication guidelines the ruling class has consciously or unconsciously imposed upon them. Subordinate groups are thus rendered mute as the mainstream structures of communication echo the dominate groups perceptions (E. Ardener, 1978, as cited in Orbe, 1998). A further implication of Muted Group Theory founded by the Ardeners is that the silencing of women as a muted group bears a direct correlation to deafness of their male counterparts. The notion put forth here is that even if a minority group has yet to be muted, on the whole or in a specified subject, the continued obliviousness committed by the dominant group as they ignore the assessments and opinions of their subordinates results in a lack of any further articulation on said subject by the non-dominant group as they thus become muted over time (S. Ardener, 1978, as cited in Turner West, 2009). Put simply, a dominant group, by not understanding or completely ignoring the views of their subordinate counterparts, can in essence silence these views completely. The repercussions of this sort of passive thought suppression are staggering. The undesirable ideologies and wishes of a silent minority can be expunged over time simply by ignoring them. This idea is highly reminiscent in the old adage to ignore a bully into leaving one alone. Though its genesis lies with the work of Edwin and Shirley Ardener, Cheris Kramarare is commonly regarded as the true founder of Muted Group Theory. Kramarares work expanded on the ideas brought on by the Ardeners, and tailored it primarily to the study of communication. Kramarare focused Muted Group Theory into three paramount assumptions: women, and other minority groups, view the world far differently from men due to the division of labor, due to male-centric political superiority, mens views and communication systems are given priority, thus restricting the communication of women, and other subordinate cultures, and lastly, in order to effectively partake in a society, non-dominant groups are forced to shoehorn their own ideologies into the dominant groups established system of expression (Kramarare, 1981, as cited in Turner West, 2008). Kramarares work expanded the bounds of Muted Group Theory and inspires further inquiry and analysis to questions and concepts raised by the Ard eners initial research. Far more intriguing than the unfortunate in-articulation of minority groups brought on by Muted Group Theory are the stunning implications of the theory on the development of an individuals self-concept. From birth men and women are treated vastly different by society at large. From the color of the clothes they are put in to the way in which they are described, male and female infants are immediately indoctrinated by the societal views and expected gender roles of the dominant group they were born into. Muted Group Theory further invades into ideas of self-concept via the ways in which dominant groups perceive society. Female nurses, for instance, are limitedly defined by societys dominant group as either hardened battle-axes of anti-femininity, or ultra-compassionate and sensitive angels of mercy. These highly constricting labels, imposed by dominant groups, limit these women to identifying themselves as one of these two, polar descriptors (Callan, 1978, as cited in Turner West, 2 009). Because of the restricted definitions provided by dominant groups, these nurses can only potentially conceive themselves as aligning with one of these completely differing camps and are thus limited in the development of their own self-concept and individual identity. The first of the research studies examined here focuses on the muting inherent in the culture of date rape found on many college campuses. A rape culture can be defined as an environment which supports attitudes conducive to rape and increase sexual violence risk factors (Buchwald, Fletcher Roth, 1993, as cited in Burnett et all., 2009). The study in question, Communicating/Muting Date Rape: A Co-Cultural Theoretical Analysis of Communication Factors Related to Rape Culture on a College Campus was authored by Ann Burnett, Jody L. Mattern, Liliana L. Herakova, David H. Kahl, Jr., Cloy Tobola, and Susan Bornsen and was first published in the Journal of Applied Communication Research in November of 2009. Burnett et al. (2009) sought to uncover how certain attitudes and outlooks regarding the act of rape, as expressed by social, individual, and cultural perspectives, stemmed from various behaviors preceding a possible rape, during a rape itself, and as a response to a rape occurring. Th ese attitudes served to mute college students, primarily women, and possibly perpetuate the continued creation of a rape culture on college campuses. Their research primarily utilized Muted Group Theory in a co-cultural theoretical paradigm in order to define campus rape culture through communication focused on rape and sex, the negotiating of sexual consent, the potentiality of a rape to occur, a rape itself, the aftermath and repercussions of a rape, and peoples perceptions of, and reactions to, date rape (Burnett et al., 2009). Burnett et al.s (2009) study methodology chiefly utilized hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry. Hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry involves delving into the shared, lived experiences of individuals who have been involved in a specified phenomenon (Lanigan, 1979, as cited in Burnett et al., 2009). Researchers utilizing a phenomenological approach search for any central, underlying themes behind a given experience and attempt to develop general or universal implications from them (Creswell, 2007, as cited in Burnett et al., 2009). Phenomenological inquiry involves researchers gathering descriptions of lived experiences, reviewing the various capta found to uncover any essential themes of the experiences, and discovering any interrelatedness among the established themes (Nelson, 1989, as cited in Burnett et al., 2009). The capta for Burnett et al.s (2009) study were gathered through nine separate focus groups at a Midwestern university. These focus groups contained five with just wome n, two of only men, and two groups were co-ed in composition. The university in question housed an approximate population of 12,000 students, contained fifteen fraternities or sororities, and had a Division 1 athletics program on campus. The study did not specify a need for focus group members to have been rape victims to be involved. Focus group moderators utilized an open-ended conversational style in order to encourage member participation (Nelson, 1989, as cited in Burnett et al., 2009). Topics put to the focus groups included various definitions of, and motivations for, rape, alcohols role in rape, post-rape options, potential reasons why rape is not reported, how to avoid possible rape scenarios, and group members perception of the prevalence of rape on their campus (Burnett et al., 2009). Following this, the gathered capta were reduced by recognizing what given factors were essential to the experience and which were not, and then attaching meaning to the essential elements re maining by contrasting and comparing the different given experiences and how the identified themes contributed to them (Nelson, 1989, as cited in Burnett et al., 2009). Burnett et al.s (2009) results indicated an ambiguity surrounding date rape that silences potential, meaningful intercourse on the subject and mutes both possible and actual victims of date rape. Burnett et al. (2009) found that focus group members had great difficulty in pinpointing a firm definition of date rape as they felt situational factors affected any interpretation of the event. For instance, although sexual consent was suggested as an essential element, focus group members probed which non-verbal and verbal actions could be construed as consent. Because they had no firm way of defining what date rape was, both male and female participants were muted from recognizing the signs of date rape or when to report it. Students are thus forced to rationalize their notions of rape because their culture, the college campus, fails to do so (Burnett et al., 2009). On an individual, psychological level, the focus group members, even the women, utilized primarily dominant, male-driven language to characterize known date rape victims as overtly promiscuous individuals whose state of dress could almost function as a form of consent. Participants also noted how males are often praised for extreme sexual prowess and a high number of partners whereas women are cast in a negative light for the same sort of behavior. These common views reiterate the dominant position of men in society and their influence on the language and ideologies concerning date rape (Burnett et al., 2009). From a post-rape perspective, female focus group members questioned the strength and validity of their ability to communicate a lack of consent. This sort of interrogation places the responsibility for the rape on the victim (Burnett et al., 2009). Both female and male focus group members agreed that the reporting of date rape is muted due to further ambiguity regarding the cor rect steps to take following a rape and a fear of others reactions to said rape. This fear of victim blaming only serves to further isolate and mute anyone who has been the victim of date rape or knows a victim who is choosing to remain silent (Burnett et al., 2009). Additional dominant groups such as a colleges administration and staff can silence victims and perpetuate a date rape culture through a lack of backing for anti-rape preventative education and post rape support services on campus. This lack of recognition of date rape in the dominant discourse leads individuals to mute themselves via various explaining-away tactics in order to not contradict the mainstream. Following their study, Burnett et al. (2009) concluded that both male and female students participate in the inherent muting of a date rape culture and that date rape victims are actively muted before, after, and even during a rapes occurrence. The largest factor in the continued perpetuation of campus date rape culture is the failure of the student population to properly and affectively define what constitutes date rape and sexual consent. Because there is no firm classification of either of these, date rape victims, and potentially the rapists as well, have no clue they are actually involved in a date rape. The scope of this study, while thorough on the campus it took place, is in actuality quite limited. Because Burnett et al. limited their focus to one specific college campus in one specific area of the country it cannot be considered an entirely accurate representation of possible rape cultures on college campuses across the board. Along with its scope, the studys testability is extremely limited because of their research methodology. While relying on interpersonal communication allowed for a more personal and in-depth examination of various individuals experiences with date rape, these particular views are that of the individual in question and cannot be affectively measured with any sort of documentable accuracy. The parsimony and heurism of the study are both notable, however. At its core, the explanation for the continuance of date rape culture is exceedingly simple and direct and the new thinking initiated by the study is of paramount importance. Hopefully, colleges can use the data provided here to better arm their student bodies against possible date rape in the future. The second research study being examined here involves the gender specific effects of muting on outdoor ropes challenge courses. The study, authored by Phillip A. Irish III, first appeared in the Journal of Experiential Education in 2006. Irish (2006) sought to discover the myriad of effects that verbal muting, a primary means for modifying a courses objectives, has on both genders and how successfully they can accomplish the tasks set forth by the moderators of these ropes courses when thusly limited. The ultimate goal of the study was to better arm ropes course facilitators with documented research to supplement their own experience and intuition in an effort to further the communication enhancing nature inherent in these sorts of challenges. The ropes course study examine two primary hypotheses: on specifically masculine-attributed outdoor ropes courses, muted males will experience stronger goal engagement, specified by proximal distance to said objective, than their muted, female counterparts, and, conversely, the greater time spent on a particular task will result in greater disengagement of muted males, measured by increasing distance from goal, than muted females in the same given time span. The methodology of Irishs (2006) study involved adult groups being given one of three possible outdoor ropes challenges: Doughnut, Thread the Needle, and Water Wheel. These challenges were selected specifically for because they involve the team members navigating a specific, centralized piece of equipment while simultaneously not limiting participants free movement about the challenge arena. These trials were also selected due to their generally male oriented objectives, such as lifting individual members up into the air. In differing groups, either all of the men or all of the women were verbally muted though gesturing and pantomime were allowed. The average group makeup consisted of five males to three females with individuals being lined up and divided my height in an effort to spread the height advantage out to each group. Distance measurements were taken every two minutes during the planning phase of the given challenge. The results of Irishs (2006) study indicate varying shifts in involvement by both sexes in regards to factors of group composition and the handicap of verbal muting. When looking at group makeup, there was no correlation on the involvement of males or females in the task based upon the increased number of females in the group, or male involvement based on the increased number of males in the group, however, when the number of males increased, regardless of other factors involved, female involvement dropped significantly. When the influence of verbal muting is examined, again, male involvement is curiously unaffected by muting or not, but female involvement dramatically lowered when they were muted. Irish (2006) felt his research was successful in terms of providing future researchers a methodology for empirically measuring involvement and interest in a task with relation to muting and non-muting factors. While muting had little variant effect on the position and involvement of males, muted females were generally twice as far away from the specified goal as non-muted females (Irish 2006). Muted females seemed to disengage entirely from the task as the positioned themselves farther away from the goal than their male counterparts. Irishs (2006) research shows slight correlation to male disinterest and disengagement overtime, but not enough, he felt, to be entirely conclusive and supportive of his original hypothesis. Irish posits that greater effect of muting on women may be due to the verbally communicative style generally attached to women. The implications of Irishs research on future Muted Group Theory are compelling. Even though Irish was not trying to illustrate the ways in which male dominant groups subjugate female non-dominant groups, the results of his research still support that central tenet of Muted Group Theory. As discussed previously, Muted Group Theory posits that male originated language forces women to translate everything into what essentially amounts to a foreign tongue. Irishs examination demonstrates how the severity of the male language barrier places women in an ingrained mindset of near constant verbal translation in order to be heard and understood by their male counterparts. When this verbal element is removed from their repertoire, women are left with no further tools to successfully navigate the ropes course or contribute in any meaningful way; because of both an inability to fully articulate themselves in a now non-verbal, male-centric language and because their male counterparts will essent ially ignore their female-oriented non-verbal communication tactics. The scope of this study is quite narrow as it only delves into a small aspect of muting; however, the study provides a high level of testability as the data provides an easily repeatable experiment in an effort to replicate the results and has great utility as it can be used to reinforce the basic notions of Muted Group Theory. The third research study being explored delves into the realm of email communication and how the once gender neutral communication arena now exhibits gendered voices which are being muted. The study, authored by Heather Kissack and Jamie L. Callahan was first published in the Journal of European Industrial Training in 2010. Kissack and Callahan (2010) sought to critically asses the validity of newfound research indicating increased textual gender cues in regards to preferred language use in email based communications. Kissack and Callahans goal was to illustrate how the muting of feminine voices occurs even in email communications. The methodology of Kissack and Callahans (2010) study is fairly straightforward. The study utilizes a vast array of previously completed research into the foundations and implications of Muted Group Theory on subjugating the speech of women and draws logical correlations to previous research on male-female communication in a structured organization as well as studies on genders impact on email conversing. The arguments posited are logically consistent and draw understandable conclusions between already researched topics. Kissack and Callahan (2010) discovered that feminine voices are more than simply marginalized in the work place as was once believed, but are in fact muted as well. Despite lacking the visual and audio cues of verbal language, email communication has still developed unique male and female centric consistencies which allow them to be easily distinguishable to a given reader (Corney, de Vel, Anderson, Mohay , 2002, as cited in Kissack Callahan, 2010). Even if the names of sender and receiver are omitted, either sex can easily identify the gender of email senders as gender specific language cues aid in this accuracy (Savicki et al., as cited in Kissack Callahan, 2010). Kissack and Callahan (2010) successfully accomplish their studys goal of shedding light on the still prevalent issues of feminine voice muting, specifically in an arena that most thought to be gender neutral be default. What is most intriguing about the work of Kissack and Callahan is that the majority of email users would claim the format to be primarily without gender bias. After all, the anonymity presented on the internet allows a user to appear as any gender they wish. This research study shows great logical consistency and scope through the great volume of research Kissack and Callahan have done to draw successful correlations between preexisting research topics. This study also shows potential to stand the test of time because it initiates a heuristic response to a fairly modern invention and the biases that have unfortunately come along with it. These growing trends could even be reexamined in the future to further track the validity of Kissack and Callahans work and to measure if any improvements have been made in the field. Kissack and Callahan focus strongly on the critical aspects of Muted Group Theory in an effort to inform (re: warn) our modern, technology-dependent society; as forward thinking as we think we are, to the dangers of gender muteness now creeping its way into email communication. The suggestions of their work are frightening. If gender bias and muted groups can find new life thriving in technology can these relics of a bygone era ever truly be stamped out? The fourth study observed focused on the application of two primarily feminism based theories, standpoint theory and Muted Group Theory, to emphasis the resilience and fortitude of individuals living in rural America and plan more effective methods of community-based healthcare promotion to better suit their needs. The study was authored by Deborah Ballard-Reisch and was first published in Women Language in 2010. Ballard-Reisch (2010) sought to rectify the vast differences in her previous research on the lives of rural Americans with that of some of her statistician and epidemiologist peers whose own research painted a vastly different, and far less optimistic, picture of frontier life. Ballard-Reischs (2010) methodology, in a similar fashion to the previously explored work of Kissack and Callahan, utilized a veritable melting pot of formerly gathered research and theoretical ideologies in an effort to repurpose them into a grounded, community based approach to better serve the healthcare needs of diverse rural and frontier constituents. Ballard-Reisch (2010) combined aspects of Muted Group and Standpoint Theories together with engaged scholarship and a community-based participatory research approach to more effectively recognize the strengths, needs, health issues, and dynamics of these rural residents to create and exercise far more efficient health promotion interventions. Ballard-Reischs research showed that rural areas contain a higher percentage of older adults than anywhere else in America (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009, as cited in Ballard-Reisch, 2010) and that women constitute a far larger portion of this percentage than anywhere else in the country; representing 52% of individuals aged sixty to sixty-four, and representing 68% of individuals aged 85 or older (CDC, 2010; ERS/USDA, 2001, as cited in Ballard-Reisch, 2010). Ballard-Reisch also discovered that despite containing a far larger portion of elderly Americans, one of the largest groups of consumers of healthcare products and services in the country (Wright, Sparks, OHare, 2008, as cited in Ballard-Reisch, 2010), rural areas hold a far lower concentration of able, effective healthcare professionals than their urban counterparts (ERS/USDA, 2007, as cited in Ballard-Reisch, 2010). The engaged scholarship approach suggested by Ballard-Reisch emphasizes collaboration and cooperation between both r esearchers and collaborators in a learning community to cultivate a theoretical and practical knowledge base (Van de Ven, 2007; Barge Shockley-Zalaback, 2008, as cited in Ballard-Reisch, 2010) and the community based participatory approach she posits underlines the participation of community members along with scholars to more properly research and address various issues of mutual interest (Israel et al., 2005, as cited in Ballard-Reisch, 2010). Ballard-Reisch (2010) theorizes that these two approaches in tandem can be utilized to unmute the healthcare issues of the disenfranchised elderly population of rural America and more successfully serve their needs. Ballard-Reisch believes the older individuals living in rural America must un-silence themselves and take an active role in shaping the future of their health. Ballard-Reischs research highlights the ways in which rural Americans, primarily older women, have their problems muted by a mainstream that instead chooses to focus its attention on the healthcare needs of urban individuals only, leaving the frontier population to fend for themselves. Because they are members of several non-dominant groups; elderly, female, and rural-based, these individuals are triply muted and to such an extent ignored by the urbanite healthcare professionals they so desperately need. Ballard-Reischs proposed solution would seem to be the most effective approach as it plays to the community focused nature of these rural areas and allows them the forge their own path to health moving forward instead of relying on the otherwise preoccupied dominant, urban groups for a hand out that may never come. Ballard-Reischs ideologies most notably show heurism as they seek to stimulate new kinds of thinking to solve old problems. The utility is less substantial as Ballard-Reis chs ideas require a lot of additional legwork and extensive knowledge and research of individuals who are often less educated, and less willing to educate, than their urban counterparts. The ramifications of Muted Group Theory are astronomically important. Something as simple and taken for granted as ones language has astounding implications towards ones ability to not only articulate their thoughts, but also generate said thoughts in the first place. By not having a specified word for something; whether it be an object, an idea, or a feeling, that notion cannot exist. It is fascinating to explore how; hopefully unconsciously, white, heterosexual, upper-class, males have strictly dictated for muted groups exactly how they can not only think, but perceive.

Southwest :: essays research papers

Changes in cost and efficiency   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The situation today in the airline industry is basically a price/cost war. Companies are battling to cut and keep their operating cost low in order to remain competitive in an industry that is strongly driven by price. The principal cost factors that drive the industry are labor and fuel. In terms of labor Neeleman, Jetblue’s CEO, said that â€Å"The biggest problem in the industry isn’t pay, its work rules†. Labor cost accounts for the 38% of the overall operating cost of an airline company. Depending on the system that a company uses, its labor cost and labor necessity will vary. The point-to-point systems requires less personnel and the aircraft is less time on the ground, and more in the air, being able to flight more times that those aircrafts flying under the hub-and-spoke system. The first system is widely used by the new low-cost carriers, while the hub-and-spoke is very typical of the traditional airlines (Appendix 1). Moreover, labor cost is rising, which increases the overall cost per seat (Wright, September 8, 2003). In terms of labor efficiency, low-cost carriers are reducing labor or either by e-ticketing or by doing what Southwest states on their contracts, any qualified employee can perform any function (load, unload, cleaning, etc) as needed (Thompson.2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second, most important factor that determines the cost structure in the industry is fuel cost. It is said that for one-dollar increase in the price of a fuel barrel, is costs the industry a billion a year (Tang, C. April 11, 2005). Moreover, in the future, the price of fuel is expected to continue increasing, what will tighten even more profit margins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What other companies have done to lower their cost is to eliminate meals. Instead, in short flights, snacks are served to the passengers, and in long-distance ones, costumers are allowed to bring food with them or buy it on board.

Cisco Systems` :: essays research papers

1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship between information systems, Internet Technology and Cisco’s business strategy was quite intriguing. Cisco’s company worked hand in hand directly with the Internet and their IS system was supported by almost 45% by digital means. Their sales were all Internet driven by almost half of their production. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cisco is a digital firm in the many senses, while John Chambers will adamantly defer the fact that their company relies directly on software (digital) it is my opinion that from viewing on the proceedings it appears to all eyes that their structure is almost 75% if not more digital. Their training, applications, update forms, orders and accessibility options are all based through the Internet or some digital means. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cisco’s reliance on information systems and the Internet was a great success until about November 2000 when there was the first 10% decline in sales. By December 15 Chambers realized that his ales were going down the drain. Finally in August 2001 Cisco underwent a makeover that changed the way that they depended upon the Internet and IS. Their forecasts were no longer FULLY based upon this information; rather they were used as in centralizing market analysis and finding new methods of technologies to network their company. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cisco reacted so slowly to the deteriorating economic condition because they had continued to aggressively expand and they had also increased their market shares. What really influenced the way Cisco responded to the economic condition was the decline of 2/3’s in the technological advances in the NASDAQ. While other companies were falling around them Cisco stood strong. They continued to pour themselves heart and soul into their company. Nortel Networks – Cisco’s rival fell largely in the market, and they continued to expand. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that Chambers and Cisco could/should have done would have been to pull back on their large â€Å"all-out† pushing the production â€Å"buck†. If Chambers had not have pushed the 600 million dollar contracts for orders of unmade parts and materials I believe that the company would have held stronger.